Economics

This article explores the strategic expansion of China’s Digital RMB and its implications for the global financial order. It contrasts the promise of faster, de-dollarized, and geopolitically autonomous payments with the entrenched dominance of the USD, trust barriers, and technical limitations. Through the case of Indonesia and global data, it offers a nuanced analysis of how emerging economies can navigate the Digital RMB’s opportunities and risks.

This article explores tax forgiveness policies in developing countries, focusing on prominent case studies from Indonesia, Nigeria, and Argentina. It highlights how amnesty programs can generate short term revenue boosts and expand the tax base but often fail to improve long term tax compliance if not accompanied by structural reforms. The paper emphasizes that tax forgiveness whether through amnesties, pardons, or voluntary disclosure should be used as a one-time tool within a broader reform agenda, including tax administration modernization, digital infrastructure, and improved governance. Ultimately, tax forgiveness is a policy instrument, not a sustainable fiscal strategy